Help me SELECT thumbnail from SQL and use

You do not need to be messing with the database connection. WordPress provide a database object called $wpdb.

It is not really clear what you are doing. Your title reads “help me select thumb”, but your code is actually pulling a lot of different post statuses, not thumbnails. In fact, your code does not have anything to do with thumbnails at all, that I can tell, except that some attachments are thumbnails.

This will pull and display thumbnails only.

$numOfPosts = 10;
$thumbs = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT meta_value FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} WHERE meta_key = '_thumbnail_id' LIMIT {$numOfPosts}");
foreach ($thumbs as $thumb) {
  echo wp_get_attachment_image($thumb); 
}

You can use your own SQL if need be…

$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type="post" AND post_status IN ( 'draft', 'publish', 'future', 'pending', 'private','attachment' ) ORDER BY post_date DESC LIMIT $limit";
$result = $wpdb->get_results($sql);

I am fairly sure you could do this with WP_Query though. Something like:

$numOfPosts = 10;
$thumbs = new WP_Query(
  array(
    'posts_per_page' => $numOfPosts,
    'post_type' => 'post',
    'post_status' => array( 'draft', 'publish', 'future', 'pending', 'private','attachment' ),
  )
);
if ($thumbs->have_posts()) {
  while ($thumbs->have_posts()) {
    $thumbs->the_post();
    echo '<ul>';
      echo '<li><a href="'.get_permalink().'" title="'.get_the_title().'"target="_blank">'.get_the_title().'</a></li>';
    echo '</ul>';
  }
}

Again, I am not really sure what you are trying to do.

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