How do I mock HTTP requests for PHPUnit?

If you take a look at WP_HTTP->request() (which all related functions wrap) it provides a filter hook for the purpose of overriding making a request in favor of returning arbitrary data as response:

// Allow plugins to short-circuit the request
$pre = apply_filters( 'pre_http_request', false, $r, $url );
if ( false !== $pre )
    return $pre;

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