I found this plugin Bainternet Posts Creation Limits witch let you add how meny post a user, role or group can create. The plugin description says:
Main Feature:
- Limit number of any post type creation.
- Select Post Status to count. (NEW)
- Limit number of any post type creation by user Role. (NEW)
- Limit number of any post type creation by user ID. (NEW)
- New Limit Rule System (faster and stable).
- Custom blocked message For each Rule. (NEW)
- MultiSite Support. (Fixed and works better then before)
- ADD NEW Links are removed when limit is reached (NEW)
- 0 Now means ZERO so Its actually blocks the user from creating at
all. - Shortcode to limit front end post creation (NEW).
It looks like you have a function that matches your question: Limit number of any post type creation by user Role.