How to stop – Database Update Required – from happening again?

Was a bug in the core, I published the ticket ( https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/32310 ) and is added for the next version 4.2.3.

In this version the code change the collation of some tables and this works fine if the change is fast. But in big tables this change take time, hive a timeout in the upgrade process and can’t continue, so is a loop.

In your case, the cache data was the reason of the big table size, then you clean the cache, the table is small and you can continue the upgrade. In case you can’t “clean” de wp_options table you can replace this file https://core.svn.wordpress.org/branches/4.2/wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php , has the patch to solve this “loop”.

About your question “how can I stop this happening again?”, this was a bug, is not a wrong settings of your installation or a plugin or some like this.

I hope this help you.

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