is there a way to get all queued scripts/styles into a template without `get_header()`?

the_header() does not even seem to be native WP function?

Technically getting header isn’t what really causes styles and scripts to load, it’s wp_head() call that should be made there (and wp_footer() call in footer). So they are likely what you should be using.

If you do need something lower level you might want to look at: