Make taxonomy query dynamic

You can use custom field.

For example, you could name it taxonomy, and then in your template, use get_post_meta() to retrieve the taxonomy:

$post_id = get_the_ID(); // the ID of the current post
$taxonomy = get_post_meta( $post_id, 'taxonomy', true );

And change the 'taxonomy' => 'catmaison' in your code to:

'taxonomy' => $taxonomy

Example:

$terms = get_terms(
  array(
    'taxonomy'   => $taxonomy,
    'hide_empty' => false,
  ),
);

---

UPDATE

I normally don’t suggest any plugins in my answer, but in your case, it might be easier for you to just use a plugin like ACF.

So go ahead, install and activate it, and follow the documentation on creating a custom field. But as an example, let’s use the same name as I’ve suggested before: taxonomy. It should be a simple Text field:

(Update: For other readers, the text field looks like below.)

Now in your page template, you can use this code to retrieve the taxonomy (slug) associated with the specific page:

$taxonomy = get_field( 'taxonomy' );

And then as I’ve mentioned before, change the 'taxonomy' => 'catmaison' in your code to:

'taxonomy' => $taxonomy