New to wordpress. Need Help with templates [closed]

The blog page of my site has the same design as homepage

You are in a full control of design in theme. It only does what you code/style it to do.

For general direction you need to learn and understand how templates are named/selected and native body classes which WP applies and makes available for styling.

I would like to know if its possible to get the thumbnail and text from the latest blog posts.

Yes, this is simple and staple functionality in many themes. You would want to start by looking up and learning how post thumbnails functionality works.