Open Graph in posts loop page

As far as I know this is not possible the way you’re trying to get it to work. You can specify an image for Facebook to use in the <meta> tag, but that’s about it.

One thing you can try is use JavaScript to invoke the Facebook feed dialog. It has a picture parameter:

picture
The URL of a picture attached to this post. The picture must be at least 50px by 50px (though minimum 200px by 200px is preferred) and have a maximum aspect ratio of 3:1

The Javascript Example section at the link above is pretty self-explanatory.