The main difference is the location where the style (link) or script tag be in the source, or whether the resource is loaded in head or the footer.
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With a
add_menu_page()/add_submenu_page()callback like yourfoo_settings_page(), the style/script file would be loaded in thebody(before the closingbodytag), because theheadhas already been rendered by the time that the callback (foo_settings_page()) is called:<body> ... the content of your plugin page (added through foo_settings_page()) ... ... <!-- The style/script file would be loaded here, in the footer. --> </body> -
With your
foo_admin_enqueue_scripts()which is aload-<page hook>callback, the style/script file would be loaded in thehead— but for a script, it could be in the footer; check the fifth parameter forwp_enqueue_script():<head> ... <!-- The style/script file would be loaded here, unless if the *script* is set to be loaded in the footer. --> ... </head>
And I know there are certain cases where you need to load a style/script file right after a specific element is rendered on the page, but in most cases, style files should be loaded in head and script files in the footer — although in these modern days, scripts may be put in the head.