Plugin to create Posts and Forums then choose category and parent forum

If that is the complete code for ste.php then you are loading it without any WordPress context, which means that functions like wp_insert_post are not going to be defined. If you check your server logs you will probably see errors to that effect.

The easy, and I’d argue the best, solution to this is to process your form on the same page you use to submit it. That page is registered as a WordPress menu page so WordPress Core is loaded.

function md_postforum_creator_menu_page() {
   /* Does the user have the right permissions?*/
   if (!current_user_can('manage_options')) {
      wp_die( 'Sorry, you do not have permission to access this page.');
   };
   if (!empty($_POST)) {
     md_post_creator_inserimento_post();
   }
   _e('<h3>Generates Posts and Forums</h3>','md_postforum_creator');
   echo '<h3>My Custom Menu Page</h3>';
   echo '<div class="mdpostform container">
            <form action="'.admin_url('admin.php?page=md-postforum-creator-menu-page-slug').'" method="post">
            <div class="descmdpost"><p>';
        _e('Nome Clan','md_postforum_creator');
    echo '</p></div>
            <div class="imputpost"><input name="name" type="text" id="name" value="'.$_POST['name'].'"></div>
            <div class="clickmdpost"><input name="button" type="submit" value="Invia"></div>
        </form>
    </div>';
};

I should add that I noticed some notices while testing this, which you should clean up. Enable debugging and you’ll see them. I’d do better validation on that $_POST data too, if it were me.