How to get inserted row IDs for bulk/batch insert with wpdb query?

As described here:

If you insert multiple rows using a single INSERT statement,
LAST_INSERT_ID() returns the value generated for the first inserted
row only. The reason for this is to make it possible to reproduce
easily the same INSERT statement against some other server.

So if you need every inserted ID you should use single $wpdb->insert commands, then you have the ID available for each with $wpdb->insert_id. Docs here: https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wpdb_Class#INSERT_row

If you insert many rows with a single query you can’t get all the inserted ID’s, unless you e.g. wanted to re-query for them if you are sure you can identify those rows uniquely.