Query Posts, order by meta value

Your query seems fine but there are couple of issues. Instead of your code (from wp_reset_query(); to wp_reset_query();) use following code and let us know what is the output.

$new_args = array(
    'post_type'         => 'datensatz',
    'post_status'       => 'draft',
    'posts_per_page'    => -1,
    'meta_key'          => 'completeness',
    'orderby'          => 'meta_value_num',
    'order'             => 'DESC',
);

$my_new_query = new WP_Query( $new_args );

var_dump( $my_new_query->request );

EDIT

Now try this. This should also work.

$new_args = array(
    'post_type'         => 'datensatz',
    'post_status'       => 'draft',
    'posts_per_page'    => -1,
    'meta_key'          => 'completeness',
    'orderby'          => 'meta_value_num',
    'order'             => 'DESC',
);

$my_new_query = new WP_Query( $new_args );

if ( $my_new_query -> have_posts() ) :
    while ( $my_new_query -> have_posts()) : $my_new_query -> the_post();
        echo get_the_title() . ': ' . get_post_meta( $post->ID, "completeness", TRUE ). '<br/>';
    endwhile;
endif;

wp_reset_postdata();

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