Both callbacks in the register_rest_field_for_custom_taxonomy_location() function are misspelled.
change
'get_callback' => 'location_get_term_meta',
'update_callback' => 'location_update_term_meta',
to
'get_callback' => 'location_get_term_meta_field',
'update_callback' => 'location_update_term_meta_field',
Register Code
function register_rest_field_for_custom_taxonomy_location() {
register_rest_field( 'location',
'location_code',
array(
'get_callback' => 'location_get_term_meta_field',
'update_callback' => 'location_update_term_meta_field',
'schema' => null,
)
);