Can anyone clarify difference between archive-{posttype}.php, type-{posttype} and date.php?
You should consider asking one question at a time. And lastly: is there a template to be created which outputs all the years and months of the custom post type with wp_get_archives()? Or do I have to create a different template to create them for each post-type? You mean like this: http://scribu.net/wordpress/smart-archives-reloaded