Trying to understand order and frequency of action hooks firing

I’m not sure if you mean some custom login dialog, but let’s do some logging when we are on the wp-login.php page, where we fill the login form and press enter:

#-----------------    
# Page Load #1
#-----------------    
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_SERVER: Array
(
    [REQUEST_URI] => /wp-login.php
    [SCRIPT_NAME] => /wp-login.php
    [DOCUMENT_URI] => /wp-login.php
    [REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200
    [SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /example.tld/wp-login.php
    [HTTP_ORIGIN] => http://example.tld
    [HTTP_REFERER] => http://example.tld/wp-login.php
    [PHP_SELF] => /wp-login.php
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_GET: Array
(
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_POST: Array
(
    [log] => user
    [pwd] => pass
    [wp-submit] => Log In
    [redirect_to] => http://exmple.tld/wp-admin/
    [testcookie] => 1
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: muplugins_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: plugins_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: sanitize_comment_cookies
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: setup_theme
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: unload_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: after_setup_theme
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: auth_cookie_malformed
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: set_current_user
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: widgets_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: register_sidebar
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: updated_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: remove_user_role
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: updated_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: add_user_role
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: wp_default_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: wp_default_styles
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: login_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: login_form_login
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: wp_authenticate
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: add_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: added_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: set_auth_cookie
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: set_logged_in_cookie
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_login
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- ** Redirect location: http://example.tld/wp-admin/
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- ** Redirect status: 302
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: shutdown

#-----------------    
# Page Load #2
#-----------------    
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_SERVER: Array
(
    [REQUEST_URI] => /wp-admin/
    [QUERY_STRING] => 
    [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET
    [SCRIPT_NAME] => /wp-admin/index.php
    [DOCUMENT_URI] => /wp-admin/index.php
    [REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200
    [SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /example.tld//wp-admin/index.php
    [HTTP_REFERER] => http://example.tld/wp-login.php
    [PHP_SELF] => /wp-admin/index.php
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_GET: Array
(
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- $_POST: Array
(
)

2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: muplugins_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: plugins_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: sanitize_comment_cookies
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: setup_theme
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: unload_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: after_setup_theme
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: auth_cookie_valid
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: set_current_user
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_taxonomy
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: widgets_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: register_sidebar
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_register_sidebar_widget
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: registered_post_type
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: updated_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: remove_user_role
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: updated_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: update_user_meta
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: add_user_role
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: wp_default_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: wp_default_styles
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load_textdomain
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_loaded
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: auth_cookie_valid
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: auth_redirect
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: _admin_menu
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_menu
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_bar_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: add_admin_bar_menus
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: test_custom_rewrite
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: current_screen
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: load-index.php
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_dashboard_setup
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: do_meta_boxes
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: do_meta_boxes
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_xml_ns
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_xml_ns
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_enqueue_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_print_styles-index.php
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_print_styles
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_print_scripts-index.php
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_print_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_print_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_head-index.php
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_head
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: adminmenu
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: in_admin_header
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: admin_bar_menu
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_before_admin_bar_render
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: wp_after_admin_bar_render
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: admin_notices
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: all_admin_notices
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: welcome_panel
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: rightnow_end
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: activity_box_end
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: parse_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: pre_get_posts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: posts_selection
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: parse_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: pre_get_posts
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action: posts_selection
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: loop_start
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: the_post
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: the_post
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: the_post
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: the_post
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: the_post
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: loop_end
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: parse_comment_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:41 --- do_action_ref_array: pre_get_comments
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action_ref_array: parse_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action_ref_array: pre_get_posts
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: parse_tax_query
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: posts_selection
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: in_admin_footer
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: admin_footer
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: admin_print_footer_scripts
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: wp_enqueue_editor
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: before_wp_tiny_mce
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: wp_tiny_mce_init
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: after_wp_tiny_mce
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: admin_footer-index.php
2015-11-24: 14:45:42 --- do_action: shutdown

We see that we are redirected from wp-login.php to /wp-admin/index.php – no surprise there 😉

So a redirection (or ajax calls?) might explain some duplicate part of your logging.

Update: I marked the redirect call with **.

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