Searching the editor source code: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg does not show much results. I suggest search the theme source code these classes to see where they are applied. (If you press . while viewing the code on github you will get a VSCode editor)
register_block_type
is used to add the block date in WordPress. Typically with these arguments:
register_block_type( 'custom-plugin/custom-block', array(
'editor_script' => 'editor-script.js',
'editor_style' => 'editor-style.css',
'style' => 'frontend.css',
) );
editor_script
and editor_style
add files to editor admin. style
is meant to add CSS to frontend.
What documentation does not mention is that style
is also loaded in backend. So it is possible those theme are using one file for bother backend and frontend to minimize the code they write.