Which Details Are Required For Style.css File Header?

A quick test indicates that you don’t actually need anything in that header for standalone theme. A theme with a completely blank header registers and loads just fine, both front and back end.

If it is a child theme you need the Template: line.

However…

In addition to CSS style information for your theme, style.css
provides details about the Theme in the form of comments. The
stylesheet must provide details about the Theme in the form of
comments. No two Themes are allowed to have the same details listed in
their comment headers, as this will lead to problems in the Theme
selection dialog. If you make your own Theme by copying an existing
one, make sure you change this information first.

http://codex.wordpress.org/Theme_Development#Stylesheet_Guidelines

… leaving everything blank could potentially cause trouble if, for example, you try the same trick twice. Just give the theme minimal detail and you should be fine for a personal theme that you are not releasing. Say…

/*
Theme Name: Twenty Thirteen
Author: the WordPress team
Description: The 2013 theme for WordPress takes us back to the blog, featuring a full range of post formats, each displayed beautifully in their own unique way. Design details abound, starting with a vibrant color scheme and matching header images, beautiful typography and icons, and a flexible layout that looks great on any device, big or small.
Version: 1.0
*/

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