WP 3.8 theme customizer error

I think your way of enqueueing is wrong here. When you use wp_register_script, you only need to pass the handle to wp_enqueue_script.

Try updating your function to:

function customizer_preview() {
  wp_enqueue_script( 'wproto-customizer-preview', get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/admin/screen-customizer.js', array( 'jquery', 'customize-preview' ) );
}