About a programming language starts with [closed]

If you are looking at core source then what you see it use is Underscore.js template. WordPress has slightly modified the syntax of templates themselves, but it’s the library it uses.

As far as I remember it was added when some parts of admin interface became more rich and interactive, starting with media management. Unfortunately at the time (and still since) this part of WordPress is grossly underdocumented. As far as I am aware there is simply none official documentation for it.

You could check out the post Intro to Underscore.js templates in WordPress for some introduction to the concepts and mechanics.