‘apply_filters’ is breaking some shortcodes/HTML but not all

try this:

function reload_article_content() {
    check_ajax_referer( 'reload_article_nonce', 'security' );

    $post_id = intval( $_POST['post_id'] );

    // only run on posts where 'is-live' custom field is set to 'true'
    if ( get_post_meta( $post_id, 'is-live', true ) === 'true' ) {
        $post = get_post( $post_id );

        if ( $post ) {
            $GLOBALS['post'] = $post;
            setup_postdata( $post );

            ob_start();
            the_content();
            $content = ob_get_contents();

            wp_send_json_success( [ 'content' => $content ] );
        } else {
            wp_send_json_error( 'Post not found' );
        }
    } else {
        wp_send_json_error( 'Post is not live' );
    }

    wp_die();
}