CSS Selector to override default theme.json custom properties in theme stylesheet

You could try to increase specificity with something like html:root

html:root {
  @media (min-width: 1020px) {
    --wp--preset--font-size--xxl: 3.25rem;
    /* etc */
  }
}

Or you could get your styles to load after the global styles as an option as you mentioned if you want to leave it as just :root

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