How would one set or override a Fallback font for characters in second language?

I think the only solution is unicode-range in your @font-face (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@font-face/unicode-range). Unfortunately you’ve to note every single character (or a range) you would like to display via the font in your basic @font-face.

After that you can enqueue another webfont with the missing chars and make it available:

font-family: 'font without arabic chars', 'font with arabic chars', sans-serif

Of course there are a few browser issues in older browsers:
http://caniuse.com/#search=unicode-range