Does WordPress always create unique passwords?

Theoretically No! But practically Yes!

Every new framework/CMS now implements some sort of library that adds randomness to the actual password. Its a randomly generated salt in form of a random string or time, etc. That is saved along with the hash password in database.

Since theoretically, a collision can occur in any cryptographic function so User passwords may not be considered unique. But practically we know that even for a simple md5 hash algorithm we need to hash about 2^64 values to get a single collision on average.

So practically its impossible to ever see two users with same password.