Formating content in category.php

You might try the the_content filter with the conditional tag is_category() to append a string to the post content when viewing the category archives :

add_filter( 'the_content', 'custom_the_content' );
function custom_the_content( $content ){
    if( is_category() ):
        $metastime = get_post_meta( get_the_ID(), 'user_submit_starttime', true );
        $metaetime = get_post_meta( get_the_ID(), 'user_submit_endtime'  , true );
        $metaloc   = get_post_meta( get_the_ID(), 'user_submit_location' , true );
        $content  .= '<a class="metastime">' . $metastime . '</a>';
        $content  .= '<a class="metaetime">' . $metaetime . '</a>';
        $content  .= '<a class="metaloc">'   . $metaloc   . '</a>';
    endif;
    return $content;
}