Hide admin notice when user profile updated

You can simply check each of user meta details to see if they are blank or not. The code below is yours with with a check for first and last name.

function wpse_user_welcome_notice() {
    // Make sure that the user is assigned to the subscriber role, specifically.    
    $user = wp_get_current_user();
    if ( !in_array( 'subscriber', $user->roles ) ) { return; }

    // Make sure the profile is being viewed.
    $screen = get_current_screen();
    if (!$screen || ( 'profile' !== $screen->id ) ) { return; }

    // CHECK IF FIELDS ARE FILLED IN
    $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
    if(!$current_user->user_firstname && !$current_user->user_lastname)){
        $class="notice notice-info is-dismissible";

        // Customize the HTML to  fit your preferences.
        $message="<p>Example text goes here.. </a></p>";

        printf( '<div class="%1$s"><div class="subscriberProfile">%2$s</div></div>', 
        $class, $message );
    }
}
add_action( 'admin_notices', 'wpse_user_welcome_notice' );