You may be looking for WP_Customize_Cropped_Image_Control which has width and height parameters (along with flex_width and flex_height). This will then present you with the image dimensions when you select an image in the Customizer. For example, refer to how the Custom Logo control is registered in core:
$wp_customize->add_control( new WP_Customize_Cropped_Image_Control( $wp_customize, 'custom_logo', array(
'label' => __( 'Logo' ),
'section' => 'title_tagline',
'priority' => 8,
'height' => $custom_logo_args[0]['height'],
'width' => $custom_logo_args[0]['width'],
'flex_height' => $custom_logo_args[0]['flex-height'],
'flex_width' => $custom_logo_args[0]['flex-width'],
'button_labels' => array(
'select' => __( 'Select logo' ),
'change' => __( 'Change logo' ),
'remove' => __( 'Remove' ),
'default' => __( 'Default' ),
'placeholder' => __( 'No logo selected' ),
'frame_title' => __( 'Select logo' ),
'frame_button' => __( 'Choose logo' ),
),
) ) );