How to pass >= condition filter to my year custom tax_query

You can pass an array of years to the tax_query (or use PHP range()). The default operator is IN – see https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/wp_tax_query/__construct/#parameters

$args = array(
    'tax_query' => array(
        array(
           'taxonomy' => 'year',
           'field' => 'name',
           'terms' => range($min_year, $max_year)
        )
     )
);