Why does this query not SELECT post IDs like a normal query would?

I’m not sure why you don’t want to use wp_Query? wp_Query is a very powerful function about retrieving various queries. First of all, pages in the blog do not relate with posts, so you won’t get any predefined post query for that page-template that you created.

However there are a few ways to show post in your static page with custom query (eg. query_posts, get_posts, wp_Query).

In this case, if you don’t want to use wp_Query. Please try with query_posts. As far as I understand you just want to retrieve original post type which is ‘post’. not the custom post types. am I right?

Pls try this following code in your page-myblog.php and pls make sure you are using that template for that page.

<?php
$args = array(
     'post_type'      => 'post',
     'posts_per_page' => 5,
     'order'          => ASC
);
// The Query
query_posts( $args );

// The Loop
while ( have_posts() ) : the_post();
   echo '<li>';
   the_title();
   echo '</li>';
endwhile; ?>

// Reset Query
wp_reset_query();
?>

I hope this would help your problem. If you want to know more about query_posts please follow the given link. Good luck!
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/query_posts