How to remove a link of date archive

I don’t know which theme your are using, I am explaining you same thing for twenty seventeen theme, go to wp-content\themes\twentyseventeen\inc\template-tags.php,

You will find function twentyseventeen_time_link() there. In this function you will get code as like

return sprintf(
        /* translators: %s: post date */
    __( '<span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span> %s', 'twentyseventeen' ),
            '<a href="' . esc_url( get_permalink() ) . '" rel="bookmark">' . $time_string . '</a>'
        );

Remove ‘a’ tag and it will become as like

return sprintf(
        /* translators: %s: post date */
        __( '<span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span> %s', 'twentyseventeen' ),
         $time_string
    );

In your theme may be similar code with some other function name, search and do same. Hope it will help you.

Thanks