If more than 1 image show post link?

check how many posts were returned in your $attachments variable and output your desired markup for each case:

$featured = get_post_meta($post->ID,'_thumbnail_id',true);
$attachments = get_children( 'post_type=attachment&orderby=menu_order&exclude=".$featured."&post_mime_type=image&post_parent=".$post->ID );

if( count( $attachments ) > 1 ):
    // more than 1 attachment
else:
    // just 1 (or 0)
endif;