In the Admin Dashboard, can I choose which sections to display?

If you just want to remove the menu options, you can use the remove_menu_page function in your functions.php file

remove_menu_page

Add this code to functions.php:

    function remove_menus(){
       remove_menu_page( 'index.php' );                  //Dashboard
       remove_menu_page( 'edit-comments.php' );          //Comments
       remove_menu_page( 'themes.php' );                 //Appearance
       remove_menu_page( 'plugins.php' );                //Plugins
       remove_menu_page( 'users.php' );                  //Users
       remove_menu_page( 'tools.php' );                  //Tools
       remove_menu_page( 'options-general.php' );        //Settings
   }

   add_action( 'admin_menu', 'remove_menus' );

That should remove everything except the options you want to keep.

If you want to remove the menu options for editors only, use an if statement within the function:

function remove_menus(){
    if(current_user_can('editor')){
        remove_menu_page( 'index.php' );                  //Dashboard
        remove_menu_page( 'edit-comments.php' );          //Comments
        remove_menu_page( 'themes.php' );                 //Appearance
        remove_menu_page( 'plugins.php' );                //Plugins
        remove_menu_page( 'users.php' );                  //Users
        remove_menu_page( 'tools.php' );                  //Tools
        remove_menu_page( 'options-general.php' );        //Settings
    }
}

add_action( 'admin_menu', 'remove_menus' );