Including post thumbnail url in loop’s post object to reduce number of queries

I believe you can fetch that data using setup_postdata() which lets you access all the data relating to a post and use it with standard template tags (in your case, the_post_thumbnail).

There is a great tutorial here:
https://wpshout.com/setup_postdata-template-tags-need-custom-wp_post-arrays-crave/

Important to note that you first have to setup the global $post and you have to be sure to reset using wp_reset_postdata at the end of your query.

I hope this works for you!