Is it possible (and how to) query single Gutenberg blocks?

My own answer is: somewhat yes, but not so easily. We can use 2 functions:

https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/parse_blocks/

https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/render_block/

Not very well documented yet. But you can pass raw content to parse_blocks to have them back in array form.

The thing is that they don’t have some sort of ID. So this approach is not always usefult, depending on what you want to do with them.