Override a theme function in a child theme?

Since you are using a Child Theme, the functions.php file in there is loaded before the parent theme’s functions.

So, if you define some_function() in the Child Theme, any declaration of that function in the parent theme will fail. If the parent theme is using a function_exists() to check if some_function() is defined, it should find the function as already being defined, so the parent function will not be loaded.

So, your code to check if the function_exists() is not really needed – since you are in a Child Theme. Only if the parent theme does not do a function_exists for some_function() will there be issues – possibly fatal errors that will disrupt the site.