EDIT: I’ve essentially answered the OP. I just spent a while learning how text and images work in R, still don’t understand them all too well, but here’s a start to solving your issue. These posts helped me greatly: display a matrix, including the values, as a heatmap Align text inside a plot Here’s a … Read more
You can use triple-quoted strings. When they’re not a docstring (the first thing in a class/function/module), they are ignored. (Make sure to indent the leading ”’ appropriately to avoid an IndentationError.) Guido van Rossum (creator of Python) tweeted this as a “pro tip”. However, Python’s style guide, PEP8, favors using consecutive single-line comments, like this: …and this is also what you’ll find … Read more
The *args and **kwargs is a common idiom to allow arbitrary number of arguments to functions as described in the section more on defining functions in the Python documentation. The *args will give you all function parameters as a tuple: The **kwargs will give you all keyword arguments except for those corresponding to a formal parameter as a dictionary. Both idioms can be mixed with normal arguments to … Read more
For an SVG’s contents to scale with its size, it needs to have a viewBox. Run code snippetExpand snippet In this example, everything scales, including the line width. If that’s not what you want, then you can either use @SirExotic’s approach (using percentage coordinates), or you could set the lines to not scale by using vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke. … Read more
On Linux at least, there’s no difference as far as I can tell. Here’s a test script and its corresponding OS syscalls (using strace); tested on python 2.7.9. See http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html for more details on the file access and creation flags. It’s not accurate to say a file object opened with ‘r+’ cannot be used to truncate a file – … Read more
4018 When you declare a reference variable (i.e., an object), you are really creating a pointer to an object. Consider the following code where you declare a variable of primitive type int: In this example, the variable x is an int and Java will initialize it to 0 for you. When you assign the value … Read more
A sanity test isn’t limited in any way to the context of programming or software engineering. A sanity test is just a casual term to mean that you’re testing/confirming/validating something that should follow very clear and simple logic. It’s asking someone else to confirm that you are not insane and that what seems to make … Read more
edit: Manual installation and use of setuptools is not the standard process anymore. If you’re running Python 2.7.9+ or Python 3.4+ Congrats, you should already have pip installed. If you do not, read onward. If you’re running a Unix-like System You can usually install the package for pip through your package manager if your version of Python is older than 2.7.9 or 3.4, … Read more
std::string has a constructor for this: Note that this construct deep copies the character list at s and s should not be nullptr, or else behavior is undefined.
The reason they call it a stack is because each level derives off its base layer. Your operating system, Linux, is the base layer. Then Apache, your web daemon sits on top of your OS. Then your database stores all the information served by your web daemon, and PHP (or any P* scripting language) is … Read more