permalink for category pages and posts

There’s currently no way in core to get the current archive / category / tag / custom taxonomy URL. I have a patch waiting for that to be added right here. For now though, you could just use the code in the last patch on that ticket:

<?php
/* Get the current archive link 
 *  
 * @param $paged boolean whether or not to return a link with the current page in the archive, default true 
 * @since 3.3 
 */ 
function get_current_archive_link( $paged = true ) { 
        $link = false; 

        if ( is_front_page() ) { 
                $link = home_url( "https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/" ); 
        } else if ( is_home() && "page" == get_option('show_on_front') ) { 
                $link = get_permalink( get_option( 'page_for_posts' ) ); 
        } else if ( is_tax() || is_tag() || is_category() ) { 
                $term = get_queried_object(); 
                $link = get_term_link( $term, $term->taxonomy ); 
        } else if ( is_post_type_archive() ) { 
                $link = get_post_type_archive_link( get_post_type() ); 
        } else if ( is_author() ) { 
                $link = get_author_posts_url( get_query_var('author'), get_query_var('author_name') ); 
        } else if ( is_archive() ) { 
                if ( is_date() ) { 
                        if ( is_day() ) { 
                                $link = get_day_link( get_query_var('year'), get_query_var('monthnum'), get_query_var('day') ); 
                        } else if ( is_month() ) { 
                                $link = get_month_link( get_query_var('year'), get_query_var('monthnum') ); 
                        } else if ( is_year() ) { 
                                $link = get_year_link( get_query_var('year') ); 
                        }                                                
                } 
        } 

        if ( $paged && $link && get_query_var('paged') > 1 ) { 
                global $wp_rewrite; 
                if ( !$wp_rewrite->using_permalinks() ) { 
                        $link = add_query_arg( 'paged', get_query_var('paged'), $link ); 
                } else { 
                        $link = user_trailingslashit( trailingslashit( $link ) . trailingslashit( $wp_rewrite->pagination_base ) . get_query_var('paged'), 'archive' ); 
                } 
        } 
        return $link; 
}