List of default WordPress URLs

Currently I can’t offer a full answer to your question, but here as a starting point a (PHP 5.3+/closure) plugin that dumps the global WP_Rewrite object into the shutdown hook.

<?php
/* Plugin Name: Show WP_Rewrite Dump at the last hook (shutdown) */

add_action( 'shutdown', function() {
    var_dump( $GLOBALS['wp_rewrite'] );
} );

This doesn’t take redirects into account. If someone would for e.g. write

exit( wp_redirect( home_url() ) );

somewhere, you wouldn’t know that inside WP_Rewrite.