Possible to hook into Media Library preview File column and use a custom image?

I managed to solve this after being pointed in the right direction. In my case, I filtered wp_get_attachment_image_attributes to change all the paths in the admin for attachments at once.

In my case, I am using descriptive suffixes on all my image files (i.e. _featured etc) so modifying them was easy using strtr which I also used to change the extension from jpg to webp.

Now all attachment image previews load in the files I want in the correct format at the desired size, and it works for Media Library, featured images, and custom fields.

add_filter( 'wp_get_attachment_image_attributes', 'my_attachment_filter', 10, 3 );
function my_attachment_filter($attr, $attachment, $size){
    if (is_admin()){
        if (array_key_exists( 'src' , $attr)){
            $old_src = $attr['src'];
            $new_src = strtr($old_src, array('_featured' => '_featured_eighth', '_portrait' => '_portrait_204', '_og.' => '_og_320.', '.jpg' => '.webp'));
            $attr['src'] = $new_src;
        }
    }
    return $attr;
}