Ok, I figured out the solution and have it working to where I can swap out the attribute for the shortcode with any taxonomy available associated with every post type:
function custom_taxonomy_list_shortcode( $atts ) {
$atts = shortcode_atts( array(
'term' => 'location', //Set whatever default taxonomy you like
), $atts );
global $post;
$custom_taxonomy = $atts['term']; // Assign it to a var
$terms = get_the_terms( $post->ID, $custom_taxonomy );
if ( ! empty( $terms ) && ! is_wp_error( $terms ) ) {
$output="<ul class="cpt-term-list">";
foreach( $terms as $term ) {
$output .= '<li>';
$output .= $term->name . '</li>';
}
$output .= '</ul>';
}
return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'term-list', 'custom_taxonomy_list_shortcode' );
add_filter('widget_text', 'do_shortcode');