Sidebar pagination posts not shown when sidebar is in single.php

You’re using previous_posts_link (and next_posts_link) function in your code.

This function prints a link to the previous set of posts within the current query. So they are meant for posts archives.

But if you’re on single page/post, so there is only one post in the query – the one that is shown. So these links won’t be available.

When seeing a single post, you should be using previous_post_link instead (singular post and not posts).