To find all Debian managed configuration files which have been changed from the default you can use a command like this. dpkg-query -W -f=”${Conffiles}\n” ‘*’ | awk ‘OFS=” “{print $2,$1}’ | md5sum -c 2>/dev/null | awk -F’: ‘ ‘$2 !~ /OK/{print $1}’ Edit (works with localized systems): dpkg-query -W -f=”${Conffiles}\n” ‘*’ | awk ‘OFS=” “{print … Read more
I currently work in an environment that has used Linux for more than a decade. Everybody in the office uses different distros on their desktops as well as the servers. As such, the choices of distribution tend to revolve around a number of things in no particular order: History – Obviously systems like RedHat and … Read more
What is debian-sys-maint used for? One major thing it is used for is telling the server to roll the logs. It needs at least the reload and shutdown privilege. See the file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-server It is used by the /etc/init.d/mysql script to get the status of the server. It is used to gracefully shutdown/reload the server. … Read more
The .crt file is sent to everything that connects; it is public. (chown root:root and chmod 644) To add to the private key location; make sure you secure it properly as well as having it in there. (chown root:ssl-cert and chmod 640)
To find any expired repository keys and their IDs, use apt-key as follows: LANG=C apt-key list | grep expired You will get a result similar to the following: pub 4096R/BE1DB1F1 2011-03-29 [expired: 2014-03-28] The key ID is the bit after the / i.e. BE1DB1F1 in this case. To update the key, run sudo apt-key adv … Read more
apt-utils contains the /usr/bin/apt-extracttemplates program which is used when packages need to ask you questions about how to be configured. This package being Priority: important, means it should really be installed except in rare circumstances. If there is configuration pending, dpkg-reconfigure [package] will perform it. If you missed configuring a number of packages and don’t … Read more
I use kexec-reboot on nearly all of my production systems. It works incredibly well, allowing me to bypass the long POST time on HP ProLiant servers and reduce the boot cycle from 5 minutes to ~45 seconds. See: https://github.com/error10/kexec-reboot The only caveat is that it doesn’t seem to work on RHEL/CentOS 6.x systems booting UEFI. … Read more
Do not mess with the mysql db. There is a lot more going on there than just the users table. Your best bet is the “SHOW GRANTS FOR” command. I have a lot of CLI maintenance aliases and functions in my .bashrc (actually my .bash_aliases that I source in my .bashrc). This function: mygrants() { … Read more
Simple: grep -h -P -o “^Package: \K.*” /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_*_Packages | sort -u Or more flexible: grep-dctrl -sPackage . /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_*_Packages For fancier querying, use apt-cache policy and aptitude as described here: aptitude search ‘~O LP-PPA-gstreamer-developers’
mysqldump –opt <database> | gzip -c | ssh user@wherever ‘cat > /tmp/yourfile.sql.gz’ You can’t use tar in a pipe like this, and you don’t need it anyway, as you’re only outputting a single file. tar is only useful if you have multiple files.