Output is often buffered by the system. You can call fflush, but sometimes, depending on how the caching works, simply ending the output with a newline is sufficient. So try changing to And, if that doesn’t help, to (And stderr often isn’t cached, as you want to see errors immediately.) Finally, you will see output … Read more
You get this error message if a Python file was closed from “the outside”, i.e. not from the file object’s close() method: The line del f deletes the last reference to the file object, causing its destructor file.__del__ to be called. The internal state of the file object indicates the file is still open since f.close() was never called, so the destructor tries … Read more
A file descriptor is a low-level integer “handle” used to identify an opened file (or socket, or whatever) at the kernel level, in Linux and other Unix-like systems. You pass “naked” file descriptors to actual Unix calls, such as read(), write() and so on. A FILE pointer is a C standard library-level construct, used to represent a file. The FILE wraps the … Read more
In general, when “Bad File Descriptor” is encountered, it means that the socket file descriptor you passed into the API is not valid, which has multiple possible reasons: The fd is already closed somewhere. The fd has a wrong value, which is inconsistent with the value obtained from socket() api
In simple words, when you open a file, the operating system creates an entry to represent that file and store the information about that opened file. So if there are 100 files opened in your OS then there will be 100 entries in OS (somewhere in kernel). These entries are represented by integers like (…100, … Read more