JavaScript check if variable exists (is defined/initialized)

The typeof operator will check if the variable is really undefined. The typeof operator, unlike the other operators, doesn’t throw a ReferenceError exception when used with an undeclared variable. However, do note that typeof null will return “object”. We have to be careful to avoid the mistake of initializing a variable to null. To be safe, this is what we could use instead: For more … Read more

Initializing array of structures

There’s no “step-by-step” here. When initialization is performed with constant expressions, the process is essentially performed at compile time. Of course, if the array is declared as a local object, it is allocated locally and initialized at run-time, but that can be still thought of as a single-step process that cannot be meaningfully subdivided. Designated … Read more

Java: how to initialize String[]?

You need to initialize errorSoon, as indicated by the error message, you have only declared it. You need to initialize the array so it can allocate the correct memory storage for the String elements before you can start setting the index. If you only declare the array (as you did) there is no memory allocated for the String elements, but only a reference handle to errorSoon, and will … Read more

What is the default initialization of an array in Java?

Everything in a Java program not explicitly set to something by the programmer, is initialized to a zero value. For references (anything that holds an object) that is null. For int/short/byte/long that is a 0. For float/double that is a 0.0 For booleans that is a false. For char that is the null character ‘\u0000’ (whose decimal equivalent is 0). When … Read more