Pass a vector by reference C++

Firstly you need to learn the differences between references and pointers and then the difference between pass-by-reference and pass-by-pointer. A function prototype of the form: expects a function call of the type: Whereas, a prototype of the form: expects a function call of the type: Using the same logic, if you wish to pass the vector by reference, … Read more

What does `*&` in a function declaration mean?

The & symbol in a C++ variable declaration means it’s a reference. It happens to be a reference to a pointer, which explains the semantics you’re seeing; the called function can change the pointer in the calling context, since it has a reference to it. So, to reiterate, the “operative symbol” here is not *&, that combination … Read more

c++ “Incomplete type not allowed” error accessing class reference information (Circular dependency with forward declaration)

If you will place your definitions in this order then the code will be compiled The definition of function doSomething requires the complete definition of class Ball because it access its data member. In your code example module Player.cpp has no access to the definition of class Ball so the compiler issues an error.

List changes unexpectedly after assignment. Why is this and how can I prevent it?

With new_list = my_list, you don’t actually have two lists. The assignment just copies the reference to the list, not the actual list, so both new_list and my_list refer to the same list after the assignment. To actually copy the list, you have various possibilities: You can use the builtin list.copy() method (available since Python 3.3):new_list = old_list.copy() You can slice it:new_list … Read more

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