Temporary Infinite Redirect Loop

But when I try to go to www.example.com and when the redirect error
happened, the URL changes to www.example.com/wp-admin/install.php

Without server logs and proper debugging information this is going to be hard to answer, but sentence quoted above makes me think that your database has failed causing the site to switch to “install” mode, or something has gone wrong with PHP triggering the same thing.

My guess is that you are getting transitory connection/database/php issues due to server load, but that is just a guess without much, much more information.