Unable to get the upcoming events for custom post

just changed the query a little 

 $meta_query_args=array(
                        'relation'  =>   'AND',
                        array(
                             'key' => 'event-start-date',
                             'value' => $date_today,
                             'compare' => '<',
                             )
                        ); 
    $loop = new WP_Query( array( 
                                             'post_type' => 'events',
                                             'posts_per_page' => 5 ,
                                             'meta_key'   =>   'event-start-date',
                                             'orderby' => 'event-start-date',
                                             'order'=>'desc',
                                             'meta_query' => $meta_query_args
                                              )
                                    );

                      if($loop->have_posts()): while ( $loop->have_posts() ) : $loop->the_post();

but can anybody please explain me what ‘relation’ => ‘AND’ is doing

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