Understanding the child / parent theme relationship

If you replace a template file using your child theme, then yes, your website will ignore those changes, because the child theme’s version will be loaded. There’s no way to merge the files. If you want those changes you will need to copy them into your child theme.

This fact has some important implications. If the parent theme changes dramatically enough, then the version of the template in your child theme could no longer be compatible with the parent theme. There’s nothing stopping theme authors from making incompatible updates to their parent theme, apart from best practice. However, this shouldn’t be too common. If a parent theme is ‘child theme friendly’ then the developer should avoid these types of updates.