What action hook can I use to add a JavaScript to a page post using a theme template that is not including get_header() nor get_footer()?

Completely skipping wp_head and wp_footer doesn’t seem like a good idea, many core components and plugins depend on these hooks. Instead, you could create a light header and footer, and load them via an extra argument to get_header() and get_footer(). get_header( 'light' ) will load header-light.php instead of the regular header file. Create one without the visual header of the other pages, but leave the wp_head action intact.