Which meta_query and post_content blend is better in WP_Query, performance wise?

Why would you need tag__in for option 2? You’re not searching for multiple values, only your 1 or 0. In which case, options 2 and 3 amount to the same thing behind the scenes: a taxonomy query. This way would likely be the most performant, but that said, if you don’t want to mess the taxonomies, you can check for empty post content with a filter.