Will memcached improve performance with WP Super Cache already running?

In the most simple terms, memcached/redis is for caching things like options and database values.

WP Super Cache is meant for serving static HTML files, instead of loading PHP, but with that said, it will still have to run PHP code to generate those files.

So yes, if you have the option of using memcached or redis, it’s always a good idea to enable it as your site will benefit from it.